Txoj Kev ntawm Carbon Footprint: Kev Loj Hlob hauv Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb

Cov European Union tam sim no tab tom qhia EU's Carbon Ciam Teb Hloov Kho Mechanism (CBAM). Pib txij lub Kaum Hli 2023, cov neeg xa khoom ntawm cov khoom raug raws li cov txheej txheem no yuav xa cov ntawv ceeb toom peb lub hlis twg rau EU, tso cai rau lawv taug qab qhov lawv tau cuam tshuam los ntawm nws thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv uas xaus rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, 2025. Pib txij Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2026, CBAM yuav siv tau tag nrho, xav kom txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem yuav cov ntawv pov thawj CBAM raws li cov khoom tsim tawm. Tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide uas yuav raug them los ntawm cov neeg xa khoom yuav sib npaug rau cov nyiaj them los ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tsev uas tau them raws li EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), tam sim no tau teem rau kwv yees li 72 € ib metric ton.

Rau Suav cov khoom lag luam photovoltaic, CBAM poses tus nqi ncaj qha. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas kev lag luam, Suav PV module exporters yuav tsum tau them qhov nruab nrab ntxiv ntawm € 12 ib kilogram ntawm CO₂ hauv qab CBAM - tus nqi sib npaug rau kwv yees li 15% ntawm cov nqi muag khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem siv cov txheej txheem nruj nruj: cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tshaj tawm theem ntawm 2023 txog 2025, yuav tsum tau CBAM daim ntawv pov thawj yuav khoom pib xyoo 2026, thiab ua tiav tshem tawm cov nyiaj pub dawb los ntawm 2034. Qhov kev maj mam nce no tawm ntawm cov xa tawm tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis mus txuas ntxiv nqis peev hauv decarbonization thoob plaws lawv cov nqi.

Thawj qhov ntawm CBAM yog rau 6 ntu (cement, hluav taws xob, chiv, hlau thiab hlau, txhuas thiab hydrogen). Lub European Commission ua tiav nws thawj zaug kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom muaj peev xwm ntxiv rau thaum pib ntawm 2025 thiab tau txheeb xyuas tias photovoltaic modules tseem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntxiv. European Solar Manufacturing Council (ESMC) tau hais kom European Commission nthuav dav CBAM kev pabcuam rau cov khoom siv hnub ci qis, suav nrog hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, mounts, thiab trackers. ESMC tau sib cav tias cov khoom siv hnub ci ua tiav nkag mus rau EU los ntawm tsis yog -EU lub teb chaws tsis raug nqi cov pa roj carbon zoo ib yam li cov tuam txhab European thiab yog li sib tw tsis ncaj ncees rau lawv. Txawm hais tias qhov no yuav ua tiav tsis paub tab sis qhia meej meej txog kev nthuav dav rau yav tom ntej.

Tom qab CBAM yog ib txoj hauv kev nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem kev suav cov pa roj carbon hneev taw. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2025, European Commission's Joint Research Center tau tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem sib haum xeeb rau kev suav PV module carbon hneev taw, kos raws li EU Environmental Footprint method thiab Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules for photovoltaics. Qhov kev pab cuam nthuav dav cov khoom lag luam thiab cov ciam teb rau cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab cov theem ntawm lub neej, uas qhia txog kev sim ua qauv rau kev ntsuas cov pa roj carbon monoxide rau PV imports.

CBAM tsis yog qhov tshwm sim cais tawm. Cov European Union tau tsim cov pa roj carbon monoxide rau hauv ntau yam kev tswj hwm kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom PV. Txoj Kev Hloov Kho Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (RED III) xav kom cov tswvcuab hauv lub xeev yuav tsum siv tsis yog- cov qauv nqi, suav nrog cov kev xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig, kom tsawg kawg 30% ntawm lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab txhua xyoo lossis tsawg kawg 6 GW hauv ib xyoos - txoj cai pib txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30, 2025. Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 202, European Commission tau tshaj tawm ntxiv tsim kom muaj yam tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau ua ib puag ncig sustainability yuav tsum tau rau pej xeem procurement ntawm hnub ci technologies, nrog rau lub neej- voj voog resilience qauv rau PV modules thiab inverters. Txoj Cai Hloov Kho Ecodesign Cov Lus Qhia thiab Cov Roj Teeb thiab Cov Roj Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob zoo ib yam xav tau tag nrho lub neej- cov lus tshaj tawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw thiab daim ntawv hla tebchaws cov khoom lag luam.

Tshaj li Tebchaws Europe, cov cai tswj kev lag luam ntsuab tau nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb. Txoj Cai Lij Choj Nyiaj Txiag Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim cov cai hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsheb hluav taws xob kom tsim nyog tau txais cov qhab nia ua se tsheb huv. Cov teb chaws xws li Fabkis xav tau cov ntawv pov thawj carbon footprint rau PV tej yaam num saum toj no 100 kWp, thaum Kauslim qib modules los ntawm carbon hneev taw thiab khi cov qhab nia ncaj qha rau tsoom fwv kev tsim nyog tau txais nyiaj pab.

Tuam Tshoj - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws txoj kev lag luam PV - tsis tau sawv idly nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm cov mounting carbon lag luam teeb meem. Ntawm tsoomfwv qib, National Energy Administration tau tshaj tawm "Quantification Methodology thiab Kev Ntsuas Tus Qauv rau Lub Neej-Cycle Carbon Emissions of Photovoltaic Power Generation Projects" (NB/T 11905-2025), tau tsim los siv rau lub Rau Hli 18, 2026. Cov txheej txheem no siv rau cov txheej txheem hauv nruab nrab ciam teb, cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau sau, thiab ntsuas ntsuas rau lub neej-kawg carbon emissions, thiab muab cov qauv qauv rau cov ntaub ntawv ntsuam xyuas.

Xyoo 2023, tsoomfwv cov koomhaum yuav tsum koom tes nrog kev tsim cov qauv kev lag luam PV hauv Suav teb thiab lwm lub tebchaws, tsim kom muaj ib qho qauv ntawm txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv PV kev tsim khoom thiab / lossis kev cog qoob loo ntawm PV modules. Qee lub tuam txhab Suav loj xws li LONGi Green Energy, JinkoSolar, Trina Solar, JA Hnub Ci, Astronergy, thiab Tongwei twb tau pib tsim cov hauv paus nruab nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej ntawm hom kev ua tau zoo li cas -raws li kev ntsuas lawv xav pom suav nrog hauv cov qauv tshiab no. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, Tuam Tshoj Chamber of Commerce rau Ntshuam & Export ntawm Machinery & Electronics (CCCME) thiab Tuam Tshoj Quality Certification Center (CQC) tau hu cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab Suav loj los koom nrog tsim WMT 19-2025, "Low Carbon Evaluation Requirements for Exported Photovoltaic Modules." Thawj cov kev xav tau tsim los rau kev ua tau zoo-raws li kev ntsuam xyuas tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Rau Hli 16, 2025, nrog rau hnub pib ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2026. Cov kev xav tau piav qhia txog tus qauv txheej txheem los txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm ua haujlwm, tsim thaj tsam rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem faib cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo, suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. qis-kev ntsuas cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntawm cov khoom xa tawm PV. Los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb txog kev ntseeg siab, qhov kev siv zog tshiab tshaj plaws los tsim cov qauv no tau teeb tsa theem rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem kev tsim cov pa roj carbon qis rau cov tuam txhab koom nrog kev xa tawm PV modules. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev siv zog no muab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev ua haujlwm rau kev tsim cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb kom lawv tau yooj yim tau txais kev lees paub rau kev tsim khoom thiab xa tawm PV modules nrog cov pa roj carbon tsawg.

Tuam Tshoj yog li no ua raws ob qho - taug qab cov lus teb rau cov teeb meem kev lag luam carbon: tsim kom muaj cov txheej txheem nruj hauv tsev ntawm ib sab, thaum koom nrog cov zej zog thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam carbon thiab kev lees paub ntawm lwm tus.

Thaum cov teb chaws Europe tau tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nqi carbon, Tebchaws Meskas tau ua ntsiag to ua raws li cov cai tswj kev lag luam ntsuab nyob rau qhov kawg - ntawm - khoom siv lub neej rov ua dua. Cov European Union twb tau teeb tsa ua ntej los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke PV modules rau hauv Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob thiab Hluav Taws Xob (WEEE) Cov Lus Qhia, uas ua rau cov neeg tsim khoom txuas ntxiv lub luag haujlwm rau kev sau thiab rov ua dua tshiab, nrog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rov qab hom phiaj ntawm 85% los ntawm qhov hnyav thiab rov ua dua lub hom phiaj ntawm 80% rau PV modules. Cov neeg tsim khoom uas ua tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rov ua dua raug cais tawm ntawm EU ua lag luam.

Tam sim no lub tebchaws United States tab tom taug txoj kev zoo sib xws. Nyob rau theem tseemfwv qib siab, cov kev xav tau rov ua dua tshiab rau PV panels tau ua tiav raws li Txoj Cai Tswj Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Rov Qab Los. Ntau qhov ua tau zoo, ntau lub xeev tau tshaj tawm lossis tshaj tawm txoj cai tsim PV module stewardship thiab coj- rov qab cov haujlwm:

Lub Xeev Washington: Washington's SB 5175, tau kos npe rau hauv txoj cai lij choj thaum Lub Rau Hli 2025, sawv cev rau ib lub xeev uas muaj kev tshaj lij tshaj plaws - qib hnub ci rov ua dua tshiab hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Daim nqi xav kom cov tuam txhab tsim nyiaj txiag rau kev coj noj coj ua- rov qab thiab rov ua dua tshiab rau PV modules muag hauv lub xeev, nrog kev tshaj tawm cov luag haujlwm pib txij lub Plaub Hlis 1, 2026. Pib Lub Ib Hlis 31, 2029, tsis muaj chaw tsim khoom, xa tawm, khw muag khoom, lossis tus neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem muag lossis muab muag rau PV module hauv lub xeev tshwj tsis yog cov chaw tsim khoom tau xa cov phiaj xwm pom zoo.

New York State: "New York Photovoltaic Module Stewardship and Take-Back Program Act" (S1346) directs Department of Environmental Conservation los tsim kev taw qhia rau cov tuam txhab lag luam los npaj thiab siv tus kheej -coj coj- rov qab thiab rov ua dua tshiab rau PV modules thiab lawv cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv. Txoj cai lij choj txuas ntxiv tsim ib tus account tshwj xeeb los pab nyiaj rau lub tuam tsev tswj hwm thiab cov nqi tswj hwm.

Massachusetts: Bill S.550, lub npe hu ua "Ib Txoj Cai Lij Choj rau Hnub Ci thiab Roj Hmab Decommissioning thiab Recycling," qhia rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig los tsim ib txoj kev npaj thoob plaws lub xeev rau kev tswj hwm qhov kawg - ntawm - lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab lub zog cia cov roj teeb. Daim nqi hais txog cov kev tswj hwm uas xav tau suav nrog rov siv dua, kho dua tshiab, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab pov tseg cov khib nyiab pov tseg, thiab tseem ua haujlwm pab pawg ua haujlwm nrog kev tshuaj xyuas seb puas muaj nqi ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom lossis cov chaw tsim khoom siv- cov kev pabcuam rov qab yog xav tau los pab nyiaj rau kev tshem tawm thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem so haujlwm.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov xeev xws li New Jersey thiab California tseem tab tom txhim kho txoj cai tswjfwm cov khoom siv hnub ci tshem tawm thiab rov ua dua tshiab, nrog rau California ntxiv rau kev tshawb nrhiav thoob ntiaj teb cov pov tseg rau PV modules npaj rau kev rov ua dua tshiab. Ua ke, cov xeev no - theem pib taw tes rau qhov dav dav thoob teb chaws ntsuab kev lag luam thaiv kev lag luam uas tuaj yeem nce qhov bar rau kev nkag mus rau kev lag luam txawm tias tsis muaj kev cai lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv qib siab.

Cov cai tswj kev lag luam ntsuab tsis yog qhov kev cia siab nyob deb ntawm lub qab ntug - lawv yog qhov tseeb tam sim no ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe CBAM thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov pa roj carbon hneev taw rau ntau yam - cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv EU kev yuav khoom thiab kev muag hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, cov lus tsis meej: cov pa roj carbon emissions tau dhau los ua txiaj hauv lawv tus kheej txoj cai. Rau Suav tuam txhab lag luam, cov lus teb yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov kev sib tw nws tus kheej. Kev txhim kho tsis tu ncua ntawm lub teb chaws thiab cov qauv kev lag luam, ua ke nrog kev koom tes nrog kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb tus qauv- teeb tsa, qhia tias Tuam Tshoj tab tom hloov los ntawm lub cev muaj zog mus rau ib qho kev coj noj coj ua hauv kev tsim cov cai ntawm kev lag luam ntsuab. Rau kev lag luam PV ntiaj teb no, cov pa roj carbon hneev taw tau dhau los ua kev hla thoob ntiaj teb - thiab cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg lawv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav pom lawv tus kheej raug kaw tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.