Hnub ci photovoltaic tshuab hloov hnub ci rau hauv hluav taws xob siv tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem photovoltaic. Lub hnub ci PV tshuab siv kev nce qib ntawm roj teeb thev naus laus zis los yuav thiab khaws cov hluav taws xob kom xa hluav taws xob ruaj khov DC lossis AC lub zog rau cov khoom siv thiab cov tsev, tswj los ntawm tus nqi tswj thiab inverter. PV hlwb muaj ib tug semiconductor p-n hlws ris; Thaum photons nrog lub zog txaus excite electrons, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tsim - hauv hluav taws xob thoob plaws kev sib tshuam thiab kev sib cais ntawm cov tsim hluav taws xob- lub qhov khub (excitons) ua rau photovoltage thiab generates tam sim no thaum lub hnub ci PV cell txuas nrog ib lub voj voog. Ntau lub hlwb raug xaim nyob rau hauv series thiab sib npaug los tsim ib qho module, thiab ntau lub modules tsim ib qho array nrog rau qhov xav tau voltage thiab tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv crystalline silicon hlwb, ib tug raug qhib-circuit voltage (Voc) yog hais txog 0.5-0.6 V ntawm ib lub xovtooj, thiab cheeb tsam ntawm tes txiav txim siab npaum li cas tam sim no nws tuaj yeem xa hauv qab teeb pom kev zoo.
I. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub ci
Hnub ci fais fab system yog tsim los ntawm lub hnub ci cell pab pawg, hnub ci maub los, roj teeb (paub pawg). Yog hais tias lub hwj chim tso zis yog AC 220V los yog 110V thiab ntxiv rau cov nqi hluav taws xob, koj kuj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa lub inverter thiab hluav taws xob ntse switcher.
1.Solar cell array uas yog solar panels
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnub ci photovoltaic lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog hloov hnub ci photons rau hauv hluav taws xob, txhawm rau txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom thauj. Hnub ci hlwb tau muab faib ua monocrystalline silicon ib yam nkaus li hlwb, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells. Raws li monocrystalline silicon hlwb dua li ob hom kev siv zog, lub neej ua haujlwm ntev (feem ntau mus txog 20 xyoo), siab photoelectric conversion efficiency, uas ua rau nws dhau los ua cov roj teeb uas siv ntau tshaj plaws.
2.Solar charger tswj
Nws txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog tswj lub xeev ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke, thaum lub roj teeb overcharge, tshaj tawm los ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv. Hauv qhov chaw uas qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tshwj xeeb, nws kuj muaj qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm.
3.Solar sib sib zog nqus voj voog roj teeb pob
Lub roj teeb raws li lub npe txhais tau tias yog qhov chaw cia hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog khaws cia los ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag hloov hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog txhuas-acid roj teeb, tuaj yeem siv tau ntau zaus.
Hauv kev saib xyuas tag nrho. Qee cov khoom siv yuav tsum muab 220V, 110V AC lub zog, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha yog feem ntau 12VDc, 24VDc, 48VDc. Yog li txhawm rau muab lub zog rau 22VAC, 11OVAc cov cuab yeej, lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau nce DC / AC inverter, lub hnub ci photovoltaic fais fab tuag yuav raug tsim tawm hauv DC lub zog rau hauv AC lub zog.
Thib ob, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci yog qhov peb hu ua tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog, hloov lub hnub ci zog rau hauv hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob photons los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, feem ntau hu ua "photovoltaic effect", lub hnub ci hlwb yog tsim los ntawm cov nyhuv no.
Raws li peb paub, thaum lub hnub ci ci rau ntawm lub semiconductor, qee qhov photons tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov chaw, qhov seem yog absorbed los ntawm semiconductor los yog kis los ntawm semiconductor, uas yog absorbed los ntawm cov photons, ntawm chav kawm, ib co ua kub, thiab ib co lwm ~ photons yog colliding nrog lub atomic valence electrons uas ua ib tug semiconductor, thiab lis {0} electron producers. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub hnub lub zog los tsim hluav taws xob - lub qhov khub hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv hluav taws xob, los tsim ib qho tam sim no, yog tias ib qho ntawm cov roj teeb semiconductor nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev txuas nrog rau ntau yam tam sim no voltage, thiaj li ua rau cov zis hluav taws xob.