Nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab photovoltaic, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees's Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) thiab Humboldt-Universität tau ua tiav lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv tshiab zog hloov pauv ntawm 25.5% rau perovskite-CIGS tandem hnub ci cell. Qhov tseem ceeb no, tau lees paub los ntawm European Solar Test Installation (ESTI), sawv cev rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws uas tau sau tseg rau qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb no thiab ua rau lub kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm nyias - zaj duab xis hnub ci technologies.
Lub Tandem Architecture
Cov cuab yeej no muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntiaj teb hauv kev ua haujlwm vim nws tsim siv ob lub cell sab sauv (perovskite) thiab qis ntawm tes (CIGS) uas ua ke ua qhov hu ua "monolithic tandem qauv". Yog li ntawd, txhua feem ntawm lub cell absorbs thiab hloov lub hnub ci zog ntawm cov wavelengths sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci spectrum-ie, sab saum toj cell absorbs siab zog (ultraviolet) lub teeb; thaum lub cell hauv qab absorbs qis zog (infrared) lub teeb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qauv no, lub upside ntawm lub cell sab sauv thiab lub downside ntawm lub qis cell yuav nqus ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub hnub ci spectrum nrog kev ua haujlwm siab dua li ib qho khoom siv yuav ua tiav los ntawm nws tus kheej; yog li tsim kom muaj kev nce hauv tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig thaum ob lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm ua ke hauv kev sib koom ua ke.
Technical Innovations Tom Qab Kev Ua Phem
Txhawm rau ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv no, HZB thiab Humboldt-Universität cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua kom zoo rau ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim qauv. Lawv tau tshawb xyuas CIGS-raws li hauv qab cov hlwb nrog ua tib zoo tu cov kab sib txawv ntawm 1.05 eV thiab 1.1 eV, nrog rau ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tuab ntawm aluminium-doped zinc oxide txheej. Qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo bandgap no tau tso cai rau lawv ua kom zoo dua qub rau tiam tam sim no ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab subcells -ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv.
Pab neeg no kuj tau ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm qhov thauj cov ntaub ntawv txheej, sim ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm nickel oxide (NiOx) thiab tus kheej- sib dhos monolayers (SAMs). Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photogenerated thaum tiv thaiv kev poob rov ua dua tshiab-kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb- txwv cov txheej txheem hauv lub hnub ci. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws interface configurations, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ib txhij txhim kho tus nqi xaiv thiab txo qis zog poob ntawm cov neeg sib cuag.
Tej zaum qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, pab neeg tau ua kom zoo dua cov hluav taws xob- xaiv kev sib cuag los ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov pib thermal evaporation tus nqi ntawm buckminsterfullerene (C60) tso rau hauv ultra-thin 1 nm lithium fluoride (LiF) passivation txheej. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws no tau ua rau qhov lawv tau piav qhia tias yog "kev tswj hwm kev sib txuas ntau dua thiab txhim kho kev sib raug zoo hauv hluav taws xob," qhia tau hais tias nanoscale engineering ntawm kev sib cuag cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Los ntawm Lab Cell mus rau Tswv Yim Module
Thaum cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo tau ua tiav ntawm ib qho me me - thaj chaw ntaus ntawv ntawm 1.081 cm², cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias lawv qhov kev ua kom zoo tuaj yeem muab txhais ua ntau hom ntawv. Siv cov khoom siv zoo sib xws, lawv tau tsim ib qho mini -module nrog thaj tsam ntawm 2.25 cm² uas ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kwv yees li 19.7%. Txawm hais tias qhov no sawv cev rau qhov poob qis los ntawm qhov me me ntawm -kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes, nws muab cov pov thawj txhawb nqa uas cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov tswv yim tiv tauj tuaj yeem ntsuas tau dhau qhov chaw kuaj.
A Stepping Stone, Tsis Yog Qhov Chaw Kawg
Tej zaum qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm no yog qhov nws qhia txog lub peev xwm yav tom ntej. Tus kws tshawb fawb HZB Guillermo Farias Basulto tau sau tseg tias "lub physics hauv qab peb lub xov tooj ntawm tes tam sim no qhia tias 25.5% tsuas yog thawj qhov tseem ceeb xwb". Hauv -Kev sim hauv tsev ntawm cov qauv tsim zoo sib xws twb tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig txog li 27.5%, txhais tau tias lub tswv yim ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tseem ceeb tseem muaj peev xwm tsis tau siv ntau.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua ib feem ntawm "SOLMATES", ib qho EU-cov nyiaj pab pib coj los ntawm HZB los tshawb txog kev koom ua ke ntawm CIGS thiab perovskite technologies. HZB cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam no sawv ntawm 24.6%, ua rau dhia mus rau 25.5% muaj txiaj ntsig, txawm tias nce ntxiv, nqis mus tom ntej.
Qhov cuam tshuam rau Solar Industry
Qhov kev ua tiav no tuav lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam hnub ci cell. CIGS nyias- zaj duab xis ntawm tes yuav muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li cov pa nyias nyias - cov hnub ci hnub ci, xws li hloov tau yooj yim, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qee qhov teeb pom kev zoo, thiab muaj cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg. Los ntawm kev sib txuas qhov zoo ntawm CIGS hlwb nrog qhov zoo ntawm perovskite hlwb, CIGS hlwb muaj peev xwm siv tau rau cov ntawv thov tshiab hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov tau yooj yim thiab BIPV, qhov twg silicon hlwb siv tsis tau.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tseem qhia tau tias perovskite-CIGS tandem yog kev sib tw nrog silicon-raws li tandem systems. Ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm tsim tau siv cov yeeb yaj kiab nkaus xwb, lawv tuaj yeem tsim tau siv tsawg dua ib micrometer ntawm cov khoom. Lawv cov ultra- qauv hnyav thiab hloov tau yooj yim yuav muab txoj hauv kev tshiab rau lawv siv los ua lub tsev- cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw lossis cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob nqa tau.
Txoj Kev Ua Ntej
Thaum 25.5% yog qhov ua tiav tseem ceeb, qhov kev ua haujlwm theoretical txwv rau perovskite-CIGS tandem tshaj 30%. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no thiab lub qab nthab theoretical no qhia tias kev txhim kho tseem ceeb tseem tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom zoo, interface engineering, thiab kev tswj kho qhov muag. Pab pawg neeg German txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo- tshawb nrhiav ntau qhov kev sib txuas, kev thauj cov txheej txheem sib txuas, thiab cov tswv yim kev sib cuag engineering- muab cov qauv txheej txheem rau kev siv zog yav tom ntej.
Raws li kev lag luam hnub ci thoob ntiaj teb txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev nthuav dav sai, kev tsim kho tshiab hauv tandem cell technology yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsav cov nqi hluav taws xob hnub ci. Cov kws tshawb fawb German tau ua tiav ntawm 25.5% kev ua tau zoo rau perovskite-CIGS tandem sawv cev tsis yog tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv ntiaj teb tshiab xwb, tab sis ua qauv qhia txog lub peev xwm txawv tshaj plaw uas nyob ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob qhov khoom siv zoo kawg nkaus. Nrog rau hauv -cov txiaj ntsig hauv tsev twb tau hais tawm 27.5% nyob rau hauv ncav cuag, thiab nrog rau qhov kev txwv theoretical tseem nyob deb dua, txoj kev mus rau kev hloov pauv hnub ci tiag tiag yog nyob deb dhau.
