Tshaj Tawm Zog Ntsuab: Lub Neej Tag Nrho ntawm Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag - Lub Zog Them Rov Qab, Carbon Footprint, thiab Recycling

Cov neeg feem coob xav txog lub hnub ci zog ua lub zog huv thiab rov ua dua tshiab uas los ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub ru tsev thiab hnub ci ua liaj ua teb yam tsis muaj qhov pom kev txav thaum tsim hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej muaj lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, lawv yuav tsum tau tsim, uas koom nrog kev siv lub zog; Yog li ntawd, lawv emit CO2 thaum lawv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm qhov twg thaum kawg txhua lub hnub ci PV vaj huam sib luag yuav ncav cuag qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej, feem ntau nyob rau hauv 25-30 xyoo.

Nkag siab txog tag nrho lub neej voj voog ntawm photovoltaic (PV) systems yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg uas xav kom nkag siab txog lawv cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Cia peb tshawb nrhiav peb lo lus nug tseem ceeb: Nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas rau lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag los tsim lub zog siv los ua nws? Dab tsi yog nws qhov tseeb carbon footprint? Thiab yuav ua li cas tshwm sim thaum ntau lab tus vaj huam sib luag mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub neej?

Txhua lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag suav nrog "cov nuj nqis hluav taws xob"- lub zog tsim nyog los tsim cov khoom ntawm thiab thaum kawg thauj cov khoom tiav. Lub Sijhawm Them Nyiaj Them Nqi Zog (EPBT) kwv yees qhov ntev ntawm lub sijhawm photovoltaic (PV) system yuav tsum tau siv ua ntej nws tsim qhov sib npaug ntawm txhua lub zog siv thaum nws lub neej.

Cov xov xwm zoo txog EPBT yog tias nws tau poob qis nrog kev txhim kho hauv kev tsim khoom. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm 1 MWp multicrystalline silicon PV chaw nyob hauv Xinjiang, Tuam Tshoj, qhia tau tias feem ntau ntawm cov pa roj carbon emissions thiab lub zog siv hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Tib txoj kev tshawb no kuj qhia tau hais tias cov kev khiav hauj lwm thiab cov theem rov qab yuav ua raws li qhov pib "cov nuj nqis carbon" yog li ntawd, thaum kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm lub cev, cov pa roj carbon emissions yog xoom.

Rau PV systems nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci siab, lub zog them rov qab feem ntau yog ib mus rau ob xyoos. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm seem ntawm lawv lub neej 25+ xyoo, cov vaj huam sib luag yuav tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm -zoo, xoom- hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog ntxiv. Ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm tshuaj xyuas lub neej voj voog ntawm PV cov nroj tsuag paub meej tias lub zog zoo rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev ua rau hnub ci yog ib qho kev siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws.

Txawm hais tias lub hnub ci PV panels tsim hluav taws xob yam tsis muaj CO2 emissions hauv kev siv, lawv yeej yuav muaj qee theem ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide emissions los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua ntej kev teeb tsa. Kev ntsuas thiab tshaj tawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide rau kev teeb tsa hnub ci PV nyob rau theem sib txawv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua vim tias muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau kev pom tseeb hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev siv cov pa roj carbon ciam teb tom ntej.

Tuam Tshoj tau ua ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau pem hauv ntej hauv kev tsim qauv. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2026, National Energy Administration tau tshaj tawm cov qauv kev lag luam tshiab hu ua "Quantification Method and Evaluation Standard for Carbon Emissions Through the full lifecycle of Photovoltaic Power Generation Projects". Cov qauv no, pib thaum Lub Rau Hli 18, 2026, muab cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj xyuas cov pa roj carbon hauv kev lag luam PV.

Cov qauv siv rau cov haujlwm hauv nruab nrab ntawm PV (nrog rau cov phiaj xwm xa tawm tau tso cai los siv lawv) thiab qhia meej txog cov ciam teb, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, ntsuas ntsuas, thiab cov qauv qhia txog cov pa roj carbon emissions lifecycle. Cov peev txheej suav nrog cov khoom siv raw khoom, kev tsim khoom, kev tsim kho, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas, thiab decommissioning thiab recycling theem.

Raws li xibfwb Ke Yiming, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci International ntawm Jinan University, Tuam Tshoj tam sim no cov pa roj carbon emission factor rau PV hluav taws xob yog kwv yees li 52g CO₂e / kWh. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov emissions no yog cov khoom siv ntau lawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev tsim cov polysilicon thiab silicon wafers.

Cov ntaub ntawv no tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Cov lag luam loj tau tsim "carbon barrier" systems uas txuas ncaj qha rau cov khoom lag luam carbon hneev taw rau kev nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam, kev pab nyiaj los ntawm tsoomfwv, thiab kev sib tw tsim nyog. Fabkis xav tau cov ntawv pov thawj carbon hneev taw rau PV cov haujlwm tshaj 100kWp, thaum Kaus Lim Kauslim muab cov qauv los ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw rau kev tsim nyog tau txais nyiaj pab. Li Yang, tus kws tshaj lij carbon accounting ntawm Sunshine Hi-Tech, sau tseg tias qhov tseeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon accounting tau dhau los ua "green pass" rau PV cov khoom nkag mus rau thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam.

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim rau lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag uas tau mus txog lawv cov hnub nyoog so haujlwm ntawm 25 xyoo? Yog tias peb tsis rov ua dua PV (photovoltaic) hlwb kom tsim nyog, cov khoom pov tseg loj tuaj yeem tsim tawm txhua xyoo - muaj peev xwm ntau lab tons. Txawm li cas los xij, twb muaj ntau lub chaw lag luam thiab tsoomfwv cov chaw hais txog qhov teeb meem no ua ntej.

Piv txwv li, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2, 2026, rau lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb hauv Suav teb, suav nrog Ministry of Industry thiab Information Technology (MIIT), Ministry of Ecology thiab Ib puag ncig, thiab National Energy Administration, tau tshaj tawm txoj cai sib koom ua ke hu ua "Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Txhawb Kev Siv Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Photovoltaic Modules". Cov lus qhia tshiab no yog tsom mus rau qhov kawg - ntawm - lub neej PV modules los ntawm qhov yooj yim "khoom" rau hauv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv nroog.

Txoj cai teeb tsa lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb: los ntawm 2027, Tuam Tshoj lub hom phiaj kom ua tiav kev siv dav dav ntawm 250,000 tons ntawm khib nyiab photovoltaic modules; thiab los ntawm 2030, lub hom phiaj yog tsim kom muaj kev siv dav dav nrog lub peev xwm tsim nyog uas muaj peev xwm tuav tau loj - nplai decommissioning.

Recycling solar panels yog technically nyuaj vim hais tias lawv yog tsim los nyob rau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv hnyav sab nraum zoov tej yam kev mob. Cov modules muaj xws li iav, txhuas thav duab, silicon hlwb, tooj liab thaiv, silver paste, thiab polymer encapsulants-txhua yam sib koom ua ke los ntawm lamination.

Phau Ntawv Qhia Kev Pom Zoo qhia txog cov kev qhia dav dav:

1. Green Design kom yooj yim rov siv dua:Cov neeg tsim khoom raug txhawb kom siv cov khoom siv nplaum sib cais yooj yim, tshawb xyuas cov qauv tsis yog-cov kab sib txuas ua ke, thiab siv cov fluorine-dawb backsheets, lead-dawb ribbons, thiab lead- dawb hlau pastes kom txo tau cov nqi pov tseg yav tom ntej.

2. Precision Dismantling:Kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb suav nrog kev siv tshuab ntxuav, txiav, thiab cov cuab yeej sib cais los txhim kho kev sib tsoo thiab kev ua kom raug. Intelligent adaptive dismantling systems muaj peev xwm paub ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab hom modules raug tsim, nrog rau cov khoom siv mobile, modular ceev- dismantling khoom.

3. Kev sib cais ua haujlwm tau zoo:Txoj cai txheeb xyuas ob qho tib si lub cev thiab tshuaj cais txoj hauv kev raws li cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Cov txheej txheem lub cev muaj xws li qis- cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov iav uas siv cov cua kub, riam kub, stripping, txiav, thiab pulsed crushing. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tsom mus rau cov kuab tshuaj-raws li txoj hauv kev los ua kom yaj cov encapsulants yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.

4. Muaj nuj nqis Component Extraction:Cov nyiaj rov qab los ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tshawb nrhiav tsis yog -acidic lossis tsis muaj zog acidic leaching agents los txhim kho ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm. Tooj liab, txhuas, thiab tin yog muab rho tawm los ntawm ribbons thiab busbars. Silicon yog graded thiab purified siv hydrometallurgical los yog pyrometallurgical txheej txheem kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm polysilicon, aluminium-silicon alloy, thiab silicone producers.

Cov ntaub ntawv rov qab tau pom cov ntawv thov hauv cov hlau smelting, cov cuab yeej tsim khoom, thiab tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov no tsim kev lag luam ncig qhov twg silicon, nyiaj, tooj liab, txhuas, thiab iav los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag qub dhau los ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom tshiab.

Muab hais tias cov nqi tsheb thauj mus los tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab, txoj cai txhawb kom muaj peev xwm xa mus rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj photovoltaic installation ceev (tshwj xeeb yog Northwest, East, thiab North China) los txhawb kev rov ua dua hauv zos. Tib lub sijhawm, txoj cai txhawb nqa kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, txhawb kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, thiab cov tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab.

Txoj cai tswjfwm muaj xws li kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag los ntawm National Industry-Kev Koom Tes Nyiaj Txiag Platform, txhawb cov tsev txhab nyiaj kom muab credit rau kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis ntsuab thiab cov khoom siv khib nyiab rov ua dua tshiab. Cov thev naus laus zis siab tshaj tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv "National Green thiab Low-Carbon Technology Catalog" txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev saws me nyuam.

LCA txoj kev mus rau PV systems, suav nrog lub sijhawm them rov qab lub zog, cov pa roj carbon hneev taw, thiab qhov kawg - ntawm- lub neej rov ua dua tshiab, ua kom pom tias lub hnub ci zog tsis yog "ntsuab" thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, tab sis kuj qhia tau tias muaj pov thawj ntawm kev ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm. Nrog rau lub sijhawm them nyiaj rov qab rau PV ntawm kwv yees li 1-2 xyoos, cov pa roj carbon emissions ntsuas tsawg dua 60 gCO2 hluav taws xob / kWh tsim, thiab ntau lub koom haum thiab cov koom haum tsim cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab rau qhov kawg - ntawm lub neej hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, kev lag luam hnub ci yog kaw lub voj ntawm kev ruaj khov.

Raws li Yang Yanchun, Party Secretary thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Guoneng Longyuan Environmental Protection, tau sau tseg, cov kev cai no "tau tsim lub hauv paus rau lub sijhawm ntev -kev loj hlob ntsuab ntawm kev lag luam". Kev hloov pauv mus rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab tsis yog hais txog kev tsim lub zog huv si nkaus xwb- nws yog hais txog kev tsim cov tshuab uas muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm lub txaj mus rau qhov ntxa.