1. Kev faib tawm los ntawm Technology: Photovoltaic vs. Thermal
Txhua tus neeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb tam sim no tab tom mus rau kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab kom ua tiav lawv cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm qhov loj -scale tshwm sim thiab kev siv lub hnub ci zog systems/technologies rau hauv zej zog. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab uas nyuam qhuav kawm tiav lossis cov tib neeg tab tom nrhiav siv lub hnub ci thev naus laus zis rau lub hom phiaj hauv tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau kawm paub txog hom kev siv hnub ci muaj nyob, lawv ua haujlwm li cas thiab lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, txhawm rau txiav txim siab yuav khoom. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom raws li:
1) yuav ua li cas lub zog yog outputted (technology);
2) Yuav ua li cas lub kaw lus txuas / ua haujlwm nrog rau daim phiaj hluav taws xob (kev teeb tsa);
3) ib qho system loj piv rau lwm hom tshuab.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog muab rau koj nrog ob peb yam piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas peb tuaj yeem faib cov tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci tshuab rau hauv peb pawg thiab muab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm txhua tus.
Qhov kev faib tawm yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnub ci zog yog nyob ntawm seb peb siv lub hnub lub zog rau lub zog li cas. Tsuas muaj ob txoj hauv kev los ua qhov no: siv photovoltaics (PV) lossis siv lub hnub ci zog (CSP); thiab tom qab ntawd muaj cov tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci uas tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thermal (lossis cua sov- tsim tawm) lub zog ( cua sov).
Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
Hom kev siv hluav taws xob hnub ci ntau tshaj plaws yog Photovoltaic systems. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov nyhuv photovoltaic, niaj hnub Photovoltaic systems hloov hnub ci hluav taws xob rau hauv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog Silicon, uas yog cov qauv kev lag luam. Lub semiconductor yog 'zoo siab' los ntawm lub hnub lub rays, uas ua rau ib tug kwj ntawm electrons txav thiab tsim ib tug ncaj qha hluav taws xob tam sim no, as opposed to ib tug Alternating Current, uas ntws nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev sib txawv. Hauv ntau tsev neeg thiab chaw ua haujlwm, qhov no yog hu ua direct current (DC). Yuav kom muaj feem xyuam rau feem ntau tsev neeg thiab chaw ua haujlwm, lub inverter yuav tsum tau hloov cov tam sim no ncaj qha (DC) ntawm lub xov tooj mus rau qhov hloov pauv tam sim no (AC). Muab ntau yam thiab scalability ntawm photovoltaic systems, niaj hnub coj mus muag vaj huam sib luag yog tsim los kom ua tau zoo ntawm li 30%. Cov tshuab no tuaj yeem ua me me li ob peb lub hnub ci photovoltaic ntawm lub ru tsev, lossis loj npaum li qhov siv hluav taws xob loj -scale photovoltaic hnub ci zog ua liaj ua teb.
2. Kev faib tawm los ntawm Daim phiaj sib cuam tshuam: On-Grid, Off-Grid, thiab Hybrid
Los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom lossis tus tswv tsev txoj kev xav, qhov kev faib ua feem ntau ntawm PV system yog raws li nws cov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob. Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb: kab sib chaws-tied (on-grid), off-grid (standalone), thiab hybrid systems.
Ntawm -Grid (Grid-Tied) Systems
Ntawm - kab hluav taws xob kab hluav taws xob txuas ncaj qha mus rau pej xeem cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab yog hom kev siv vaj tse thiab kev lag luam ntau tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas: Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tsim hluav taws xob thaum nruab hnub. Lub zog no yog siv los khiav lub tsev cov khoom thauj. Yog tias lub kaw lus tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua li qhov xav tau, qhov ntau dhau yuav rov qab mus rau hauv daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob. Thaum tsaus ntuj lossis thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom qis, lub tsev rub lub zog los ntawm daim phiaj.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Cov tshuab no tsis xav tau cov txhab nyiaj roj teeb. Daim phiaj nws tus kheej ua raws li lub kaw lus virtual cia rau ntau lub zog.
Qhov zoo: Lawv yog tus nqi ntau tshaj - zoo thiab yooj yim rau nruab vim tsis muaj roj teeb. Lawv kuj tseem ua kom muaj kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas, qhov twg cov tswv tsev tau txais credit rau lub zog tshaj lawv muab rau daim phiaj.
Disadvantage: Lub ntsiab drawback yog tias lub kaw lus kaw thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob vim muaj kev nyab xeeb (kom tiv thaiv rov qab- pub hluav taws xob rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kab), txhais tau tias nws tsis tuaj yeem muab lub zog thaub qab.
Tawm ntawm -Grid (Standalone) Systems
Tawm- cov kab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Lawv zoo tagnrho rau siv nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb uas tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm daim phiaj siv los yog qhov twg cov nqi sib txuas yog qhov zoo heev.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag muab kev them nyiaj ntawm lub txhab nyiaj roj teeb rau siv thaum hmo ntuj lossis thaum tsis tshav ntuj. Lub inverter ua haujlwm raws li lub rooj vag los hloov cov tam sim no ncaj qha tsim los ntawm cov roj teeb rau hauv lwm qhov tam sim no raws li nws siv hauv tsev.
Central Feature: Lub txhab nyiaj roj teeb uas tuaj yeem muab lub zog txaus los txhawb lub off- kab sib chaws rau ntau hnub yam tsis tas yuav rov them dua, yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm - kab sib chaws. Txog thaum huab cua tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob them rov qab, ntau lub tsev tawm - daim phiaj vaj tsev kuj tseem yuav muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaub qab los muab ntau dua lub zog txaus rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Qhov zoo: Ua neej nyob ywj pheej ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob thiab muaj kev nkag mus rau hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw deb uas tsis tau txais hluav taws xob los ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob.
Disadvantages: Cov tshuab no tseem kim dua vim cov nqi roj teeb. Lawv kuj xav tau kev tsim qauv ntau dua thiab mob siab rau kev tswj hwm lub zog los ntawm tus neeg siv kom tsis txhob depleting cov roj teeb.
Hybrid Systems
Hybrid systems muab cov ntsiab lus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm - kab sib chaws thiab tawm - kab sib chaws technology.
Lub Hybrid System yog dab tsi: Lub tshuab hybrid txuas rau daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob, ib yam li daim phiaj - khi, tab sis nws kuj muaj lub txhab nyiaj roj teeb suav nrog hauv qhov system. Lub hnub ci zog uas tsim los yog siv los ua thawj lub zog hluav taws xob hauv tsev, tom qab ntawd los them cov roj teeb. Tsuas yog tom qab cov roj teeb tau them tag nrho cov hluav taws xob hnub ci uas tsim tawm yuav raug xa rov qab mus rau daim phiaj. Thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob vim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hybrid muaj peev xwm los ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm kab sib chaws thiab txuas ntxiv muab lub zog rau lub tsev los ntawm lub txhab nyiaj roj teeb thiab los ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Hybrid System: Hybrid Inverter lossis Ib qho inverter ua ke nrog lub roj teeb tswj - cov khoom siv no tswj hwm ntau yam sib txawv hauv lub tshuab hybrid.
Qhov zoo ntawm Kev Muaj Cov Txheej Txheem Hybrid: Kev cia siab rau lub zog thaub qab, muaj peev xwm txuag tau tus kheej -tsim lub zog rau kev siv thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws, thiab tej zaum yuav yog lub txhab nyiaj me me thaum piv rau kev tawm - daim phiaj tsuas yog daim ntawv thov.
Disadvantage of Muaj Hybrid System: Cov nqi roj teeb ntxiv ua rau tag nrho cov nqi ntau dua li tus qauv kab hluav taws xob- khi system.
3. Kev faib tawm los ntawm Daim Ntawv Teev Npe: Distributed vs. Centralized
Sib nrug los ntawm hom kab ke, kev teeb tsa hnub ci kuj tau faib raws li lawv qhov loj me thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas lawv ua haujlwm.
Distributed Generation (DG): Cov no yog cov tshuab me me uas nyob ze tshaj plaws ntawm kev noj. Feem ntau cov kab ke ntawm cov vaj tsev nyob thiab cov nyob hauv cov tsev lag luam yog nyob rau hauv pawg no. Lawv feem ntau yog sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob qis qis thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg siv khoom txuag ntawm lawv cov nqi hluav taws xob.
Centralized Generation (Utility-Scale): Cov no yog cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci loj, feem ntau nthuav dav ntau pua evkawj, uas tsim hluav taws xob uas tau xa tawm dhau cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntau mus rau qhov deb- deb kawg - cov neeg siv. Ob qho loj - nplai PV hnub ci ua liaj ua teb thiab CSP cov nroj tsuag yog nyob rau hauv pawg no. Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev faib tawm ntawm lub hnub ci zog systems yog complex. Txawm hais tias tau muab cais los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis (PV vs. CSP), kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm (ntawm -grid, off-grid, lossis hybrid), lossis qib ntawm kev xa tawm, txhua qhov kev faib tawm muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb lub zog. Paub txog qhov sib txawv no yog lub hauv paus rau cov uas xav siv lub hnub ci zog.
