Thawj Cov Ntsiab Lus: "Cov qhab nia puv" hauv chav kuaj VS "Kev Ua Haujlwm" hauv Ntiaj Teb tiag
Koj pom "1 kilowatt" (1 kW) ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm daim ntawv lo, uas muaj lub npe scientific: "nominal power".
Tus lej no tau txais li cas? Nws tau ntsuas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kuaj mob zoo tshaj plaws, hu ua "Standard Test Conditions" (STC).
Kev siv lub teeb zoo meej: 1,000 watts ntawm lub hnub ci ib square meter -txog li lub hnub ncaj qha saum taub hau thaum tav su ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov.
Raws nraim qhov ntsuas kub zoo: Qhov kub ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tau khaws cia tsis tu ncua ntawm 25℃(sov rau qhov kov).
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws spectrum: Cov spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub hnub ci yuav tsum sib phim tus qauv tshwj xeeb.
Xav txog nws- nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag, ntau npaum li cas peb muaj xws li "cov qhab nia zoo" ib puag ncig?
Thaum hnub sawv ntxov, thiab hnub poob, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub hnub qis thiab qhov kev siv zog tsawg. Nyob rau hauv huab, overcast los yog hnub yog hazy - lub hnub ci ntau npaum li cas, rau feem ntau thaiv. Txawm tias nyob rau hnub tshav ntuj lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub hnub hloov pauv tsis tu ncua, yog li, thaum nws zoo li qee hnub lub vaj huam sib luag tej zaum yuav tsis nyob ib sab, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los khaws lub vaj huam sib luag zoo kawg nkaus perpendicular, txawm tias nyob rau hnub zoo tshaj plaws.
Qhov no zoo ib yam li cov neeg ncaws pob ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws windless khiav, ua lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau sib tw nrog cua, nag, qhov chaw tsis zoo thiab yog li ntawd lawv cov kev ua tau zoo hloov pauv.
Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb tso zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag yog tsis tshua muaj 1 kilowatt.
Qhov thib ob: Peak Sunshine Teev
Qhov no yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog hnub ci hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob.
Txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej zoo li cas los xij, lub hnub tsis ci tag nrho rau nees nkaum- plaub teev nyob rau ib hnub, peb tau txais kev siv lub hnub ci nyob rau ib hnub txij li hnub tuaj txog rau hnub poob.
Qhov no yog vim li cas peb thiaj siv lub tswvyim hu ua "Peak Sunshine Teev".
Hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, nws hloov pauv tag nrho lub hnub ci zog tau txais thaum nruab hnub rau hauv lub hnub ci zog sib npaug ntawm ntau teev ntawm lub hnub ci tag nrho (piv txwv li, 1000 watts / m² raws li STC).
Piv txwv li, nyob rau ib hnub twg ntawm ib qho chaw, lub hnub ci zog yog sib npaug rau 4 teev ntawm lub hnub tag nrho. Qhov ntawd yog 4 peak hnub ci teev.
Yog li, lub theoretical zog tsim rau koj 1 kW-labeled vaj huam sib luag rau hnub ntawd yog:
1 kW × 4 teev=4 kilowatt-hours (4 kWh)
Qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias lub vaj huam sib luag tsuas yog ua haujlwm rau 4 teev xwb, nws txhais tau tias qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub hnub ci muaj qhov sib npaug rau kev ua haujlwm puv 4 teev.
Thib peb Point: Qhov System Losses muaj
Lub 4 kWh peb xam saum toj no yog theoretical. Thaum lub sij hawm nws mus txog koj lub tsev ntsuas hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob tau dhau los ntawm ob peb qhov "checkpoints," txhua qhov cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov poob:
Kab poob: Cov hluav taws xob tau txav los ntawm vaj huam sib luag, los ntawm cov hlau mus rau inverter, thiab thaum kawg mus rau lub 'meter'. Vim cov xov hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv lawv yuav poob qee lub zog kom sov. Qhov ntev, thinner, thiab qis dua cov hlau, qhov poob ntau yuav muaj.
Inverter Poob: Lub vaj huam sib luag tsim hluav taws xob DC, tab sis peb lub tsev siv AC. Qhov kev hloov pauv no yog ua los ntawm inverter. Txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws inverters tsis 100% npaum-feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 97%-98%, txhais tau tias 2% -3% ntawm lub zog poob hauv kev hloov pauv.
Kub poob: Cov panels yuav kub nyob rau hauv lub hnub ncaj qha. Vaj huam sib luag kub yuav ncav cuag 60 - 70degrees Celsius nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias; qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor uas suav nrog cov vaj huam sib luag txo qis nrog qhov ntsuas kub ntau dua - cov zis qis dua nrog qhov kub thiab txias - qhov no yog txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm physics uas tsis tuaj yeem sib cav tau - yog li ntawd, lub vaj huam sib luag cov zis (NOMINAL POWER) yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tsuas yog ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 25 degrees Celsius. Nyob rau hnub kub heev (piv txwv li, hnub kub lub caij ntuj sov) cov khoom tawm ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag yuav qis li 80 -90 feem pua ntawm lawv cov khoom ntsuas.
Plua plav thiab ntxoov ntxoo: Cov zis ntawm ib txoj hlua ua tiav ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab / lossis lub inverter tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov plua plav thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo npog cov khoom xws li lub ru tsev, ntoo, thiab lwm yam qauv. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias cov zis ntau tshaj plaws, cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab khaws cia tsis tu ncua.
Lwm yam kev poob qis: Cov no suav nrog kev sib txuas tsis zoo, inverter standby fais fab noj, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov sib xyaw ua ke yuav txo cov nqi hluav taws xob tiag tiag los ntawm 5% thiab 15% lossis ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, 4.0 kWh uas koj theoretically tsim yuav tsuas yog xav txog ntawm koj lub tsev 'meter' li 3.6-3.8 kWh, nyob ntawm seb tus tsim thiab installation ntawm lub system. Yog tias lub kaw lus tsis tau tsim zoo lossis teeb tsa tsis raug, kev poob ntau dua li teev saum toj no yuav tshwm sim!
Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem poob kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum raug qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis feem ntau, qhov cuam tshuam ntxiv rau lub zog hluav taws xob, lossis hnub ci thaum lub caij ntuj sov, txo ntau qhov poob cuam tshuam nrog cua sov. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias qhov txias txias nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg / lub caij ntuj no feem ntau ua tau zoo dua los ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, lawv tsim lub zog tsawg dua vim tias hnub ci hluav taws xob qis dua (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim hnub luv dua thiab qis lub hnub ci).
